土壤的魔力

“唯一化死为生的神奇素材。”

– 萨古鲁

拯救土壤行动是要人类团结一致地维持土壤的神奇生命力。

观看【拯救土壤】纪录片

我们大多数人都熟悉气候变化、碳排放、空气污染和缺水等词汇和概念，却很少有人关注土壤。几千年来，地球上的生命一直靠地壳上一层薄薄的肥沃土壤而维持着。

但是
土壤到底是什么？它有什么作用？

让我们通过下面的小测验来探索。

问题 1 / 6

土壤是 ______

土壤是我们生活的基础。但是，...

农业、森林砍伐和其他因素以惊人的速度造成表土退化和侵蚀。全球52% 的农耕地已经退化。地球正处于危机之中。如果土壤退化以目前的速度持续的话，我们应该知道这将是生命的终结。

严重退化

退化

稳定

无植被

地球正处于危机之中

粮食危机

20年内，预计为93亿人生产的粮食产量将减少40%。

土壤贫瘠导致营养成分贫乏。今天的水果和蔬菜所含的营养成分已经减少了90%。

20亿人由于营养不足而患上多种疾病。

水资源短缺

枯竭的土壤无法吸收和调节水流。

缺乏持水功能将导致水资源短缺、干旱和洪水泛滥。

有机物可持水至其重量的90%，并随着时间的推移缓慢地释放。这对常发生干旱的地区有很大帮助。

生物多样性的丧失

科学家说，由于栖息地逐渐丧失，每年大约有2万7千种类的生命物种正在面临灭绝。

这场危机已经到达80%的昆虫生物量已经消失的地步。

生物多样性的丧失进一步扰乱了土壤栖息地和阻碍了土壤再生。

气候变化

土壤中储存的碳是活植物的3倍，是大气中的2倍，这意味着土壤对碳储存是至关重要的。

如果世界的土壤无法恢复生机，它们可能会向大气中排放8500亿吨的二氧化碳而导致气候变化。这比过去 30 年人类排放量的总和还要多。

生计损失

成千上万的农民因为土壤的枯竭而自杀。

全球 74% 的穷人直接受到土地退化的影响。

据估计，可种植土壤的流失每年给世界带来高达10.6万亿美元的损失。

冲突和移居

到了2050年，人口的增长、粮食和水资源短缺可能会导致超过10亿人移民到其他地区和国家。

自1990年以来, 土地起着举足轻重的作用。非洲的90%以上的主要战争和冲突都与土地纷争有关。

从法国大革命到阿拉伯之春，食物价格高昂被认为是大规模抗议运动的一个因素。

土壤：整体解决方案

几乎每一次重大的生态危机，在某种程度上或形式上，都是土壤退化或退化症状的结果。同样，几乎每个环境或与环境相关的痛点都可以通过创造的健康的土壤来解决。

事实上，认为我们可以解决环境的任何一个方面而不解决整体问题是荒谬的，因为生态系统的任何方面都不是单独操作的。在我们意识到生命是一个单一的复杂现象之前，没有任何解决方案是完整的，所有这些都是一致发生的。在许多方面，土壤是生命产生的基础平台。如果我们修复土壤，我们就有最好的机会修复整体。

土壤复育

全球政策草案建议与可持续土壤管理

专家们怎么说？

Maria Helena Semedo

Deputy Director General
The Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations

Ibrahim Thiaw

Executive Secretary, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Under-Secretary-General, United Nations

Ovais Sarmad

Deputy Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Dr. Rattan Lal

World Food Prize Awardee, 2020

Distinguished Professor of Soil Science, Ohio State University

Appointed by US President Biden to the Board for International Food and Agricultural Development

Jean-François Soussana

Nobel Laureate as Part of IPCC Team Soil Scientist & Vice Chairman National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food & Environment, France

Dr. Jo Handelsman

Former Science Advisor to President Barack Obama
Director of the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery at University of Wisconsin

Erik Solheim

Former UN Environment Executive Director and Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations

Stewart Maginnis

Deputy Director General, IUCN

Dr. Naoko Yamamoto

Assistant Director-General, World Health Organization

Manoj Juneja

Assistant Executive Director, World Food Programme (WFP)

Claire Chenu

Senior Soil Scientist, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), France Professor, AgroParis Tech Institute

Patrizia Heidegger

Director for Global Policies & Sustainability, European Environmental Bureau

Dr. Muralee Thummarukudy

Director of the Coordination Office of the G20 Global Initiative on Reducing Land Degradation & Enhancing Conservation of Terrestrial Habitats

Paul Luu

Executive Secretary, 4 Per 1000 Initiative

Ronald Vargas

Secretary, Global Soil Partnership at UN FAO

Shamila Nair-Bedouelle

Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO

Tim Christopherson

Head, Nature for Climate Branch, UN Environment Programme (UNEP)

Bishow Parajuli

Country Head, India , United Nations World Food Programme

Dr Johan Rockstrom

Director, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research

Dr. Elaine Ingham

Soil Microbiologist

Dr. Joachim von Braun

Agricultural Scientist & President, Pontifical Academy of Sciences

Dr. Bala Subramaniam

Professor of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School
Director, Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, A Harvard teaching Hospital

Nadia Isler

Director of the SDG Lab in the Office of the Director-General of UN Office at Geneva (UNOG)

Dr. Iyad Abumoghli

Founder and Director, United Nations Environment Programme - Faith for Earth

Dr. Richard Cruse

Professor, Agronomy Department, Iowa State University
Director, Iowa Water Center

Tony Rinaudo

Principal Climate Advisor, World Vision Australia

Dr. Manuel Otero

Director General of Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA)

Dr. Gaius Eudoxie

Soil Scientist
Vice Chair of the Intergovernmental Working Group on Drought Under UNCCD
Member of Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils under Global Soil Partnership, FAO

AS Kiran Kumar

Space Scientist;
Former Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization

Dr Vibha Dhawan

Director General, The Energy and Resources Institute

Commodore Amit Rastogi

Chairman and Managing Director, National Research Development Corporation

Dr. Daniel Rasse

Department Head, Biogeochemistry & Soil Quality
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research

Dr. David Yawson

Senior Agri-Food Systems & Environmental Scientist

Senior Lecturer & Director of Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies University of the West Indies, Cave Hill

Former Advisor to Government of Ghana & Several International Development Organizations

Allain Bougrain

Environmentalist & President, French League for the Protection of Birds

Morag Gamble

Founder, Permaculture Education Institute

Dr. TV Ramachandran

Scientist & Coordinator at the Energy and Wetland Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences at Indian Institute of Sciences

H.E. Dr. Mohamed bin Mubarak Bin Daina

Special Envoy for Climate Affairs &
Chief Executive, Supreme Council for Environment, Bahrain

Dr. Saravanan Kandasami

Organic Farmer
Former Soil Scientist at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Prof. Ramesh Chand

Agricultural Economist & Member, NITI Aayog